1.Different Types of Shot Size
2.Camera Position and Angle
3.Camera Movement
4.Lighting
5.Rule of Thirds
6.Leading The Eye
7.Colours
8.Shape and Lines
9.Detail Arrangement in the Frame
10.Editing Styles
11.Entering and Leaving the Frame.
1. Different Types of Shot Size
-Extreme Close Up
2.Camera Position and Angle
3.Camera Movement
4.Lighting
5.Rule of Thirds
6.Leading The Eye
7.Colours
8.Shape and Lines
9.Detail Arrangement in the Frame
10.Editing Styles
11.Entering and Leaving the Frame.
1. Different Types of Shot Size
-Extreme Close Up
-Close Up. Used to convey emotion and detail, helps promote singer. Sells brand, as it is intimate and close to the band.
-Mid Shot. Fairly close, not that close, perhaps includes a bit of the body.
-Long Shot. Shows Action
-Extreme Long Shot. Shows surroundings. 
-Wide Shot. Establishes surroundings.
2. Camera Position
- Straight On. Portrays the subject as flat and boring.
- 32˚ degrees round. Shows depth of field.
- Lower Height. Conveys subject as arrogant and powerful.
- Higher Angle. Conveys subject as humble.
3. Camera Movements
4. Lighting
Lighting in filmmaking is very important. To make the subjects look correct you usually need at least three separate lights, maybe even four. This is all to make sure that they don’t look to flat and have to many shadows. This is why you usually have your three key lights. The first light called the ‘Spot Light’ you direct straight at the subject your shooting, the purpose of this light is to initially light the subject. The downside of this light is that it will make your subject look very flat and give possible odd shadows, so this is where the second light comes in. The second light is usually placed on the 32˚ degree angle to get rid of shadows. It is known as the ‘Fill Light’. If there are still any shadows you may want to use a reflector. The third light is known as the ‘Back Light’ its purpose is to give a depth of field so the subject doesn’t look to flat and boring. It creates a 3D effect.
5. Rule of Thirds
Naturally the way we read a screen is from left to right at the top of the screen then left to right at the bottom of a screen. This creates four ‘hotspots’ in the frame when we scan a frame. This is why usually when we compose a shot it is good to get your main subject on one of those four hotspots.
6. Leading The Eye
Leading lines can help lead a viewer to what they are supposed to be looking at. For example if a road leads from the bottom left to the top right of the shot and your subject is standing in the top right of the shot, the viewers eyes will be lead to them through the lines.
7. Colours
Different colours effect the way we read things. For example red has connotations of anger or love. Therefore if you see the colour red we immediately make those connections. Therefore depending on the message you are trying to send in a scene depends on the colours you may use in wardrobe to reinforce your message.
8. Lines & Shape
Different lines and shapes can convey different things to an audience. There are many different types of lines and even the different thickness of lines can impact the way we read them. For example:
- Horizontal Lines are restful, calm or distant. It makes a viewer feel stable and peaceful.
- Perpendicular Lines convey height, dignity, impressiveness or aspiring qualities.
- Diagonal Lines express movement; they can be seen as artificial, bizarre or vital. Diagonals are often found in climaxes.
- Curved Lines express naturalness, femininity, intimacy and flexibility.
- Straight Lines convey strength, simplicity, severity and regularity.
Shapes also influence the way we read an image. We read different shapes in different ways this is why they can be a very important part of an image. For example:
- Circles. They have no beginning and no end, they represent the eternal whole. They are used to convey familiar objects like balls and wheels and they suggest completeness. Because they are less common in design they work well to attract attention, provide emphasis and set things apart.
- Squares and Rectangles. They are stable and familiar shapes and suggest honesty. Their right angels represent order and formality.
- Traingles. Triangles can represent stability with their solid base, or they can represent unreliability if turned on its head. They can direct movement depending on the direction they are facing and can be used to convey progression and purpose.
9. Detail Arrangement In The Frame
Detail Arrangement in the frame can include things like the dynamic triangle. This means that if a band is set up correctly and you have two guitarists at the front and a drummer at the back, the drummer can end up being the main point of focus in the dynamic triangle. Also the detail in the frame can include using suggestive objects in the frame to represent other things and make the viewer connect. For example in the picture above the woman is standing next to shelves of books, therefore the viewer connects that perhaps the woman is in a library or enjoys reading books.
10. Editing Styles 
There are many different styles of editing used within pop videos. One of which looks quite interesting is ‘Balletic Editing’. Balletic editing is when each cut picks up were your eye left off. Because our eyes are taken in a circle it makes a viewer feel safer. A good example of this is in ‘The Wild Bunch’ when the wild bunch is shooting against the soldiers and everybody gets massacred. Because balletic editing is used the viewer doesn’t feel as horrified by the mass murder going on so in a way it is quite unsettling for an audience.
11.Entering & Leaving the Frame 
- 32˚ degrees round. Shows depth of field.
- Lower Height. Conveys subject as arrogant and powerful.
- Higher Angle. Conveys subject as humble.
3. Camera Movements
- Tracking. You can have several different types of tracking shots, for example: left to right, right to left, in to out or out to in. The shots are aesthetically pleasing (they are nice to look at) they can also be very intimate as the viewer feels they are travelling along with the character.
- Crane Shot. This shots from above and can come down or round, these shots are very aesthetically pleasing.
4. Lighting
Lighting in filmmaking is very important. To make the subjects look correct you usually need at least three separate lights, maybe even four. This is all to make sure that they don’t look to flat and have to many shadows. This is why you usually have your three key lights. The first light called the ‘Spot Light’ you direct straight at the subject your shooting, the purpose of this light is to initially light the subject. The downside of this light is that it will make your subject look very flat and give possible odd shadows, so this is where the second light comes in. The second light is usually placed on the 32˚ degree angle to get rid of shadows. It is known as the ‘Fill Light’. If there are still any shadows you may want to use a reflector. The third light is known as the ‘Back Light’ its purpose is to give a depth of field so the subject doesn’t look to flat and boring. It creates a 3D effect.
5. Rule of Thirds
Naturally the way we read a screen is from left to right at the top of the screen then left to right at the bottom of a screen. This creates four ‘hotspots’ in the frame when we scan a frame. This is why usually when we compose a shot it is good to get your main subject on one of those four hotspots.
6. Leading The Eye
Leading lines can help lead a viewer to what they are supposed to be looking at. For example if a road leads from the bottom left to the top right of the shot and your subject is standing in the top right of the shot, the viewers eyes will be lead to them through the lines.
7. Colours
Different colours effect the way we read things. For example red has connotations of anger or love. Therefore if you see the colour red we immediately make those connections. Therefore depending on the message you are trying to send in a scene depends on the colours you may use in wardrobe to reinforce your message.8. Lines & Shape
Different lines and shapes can convey different things to an audience. There are many different types of lines and even the different thickness of lines can impact the way we read them. For example:
- Horizontal Lines are restful, calm or distant. It makes a viewer feel stable and peaceful.
- Perpendicular Lines convey height, dignity, impressiveness or aspiring qualities.
- Diagonal Lines express movement; they can be seen as artificial, bizarre or vital. Diagonals are often found in climaxes.
- Curved Lines express naturalness, femininity, intimacy and flexibility.
- Straight Lines convey strength, simplicity, severity and regularity.
Shapes also influence the way we read an image. We read different shapes in different ways this is why they can be a very important part of an image. For example:
- Circles. They have no beginning and no end, they represent the eternal whole. They are used to convey familiar objects like balls and wheels and they suggest completeness. Because they are less common in design they work well to attract attention, provide emphasis and set things apart.
- Squares and Rectangles. They are stable and familiar shapes and suggest honesty. Their right angels represent order and formality.
- Traingles. Triangles can represent stability with their solid base, or they can represent unreliability if turned on its head. They can direct movement depending on the direction they are facing and can be used to convey progression and purpose.
9. Detail Arrangement In The Frame
Detail Arrangement in the frame can include things like the dynamic triangle. This means that if a band is set up correctly and you have two guitarists at the front and a drummer at the back, the drummer can end up being the main point of focus in the dynamic triangle. Also the detail in the frame can include using suggestive objects in the frame to represent other things and make the viewer connect. For example in the picture above the woman is standing next to shelves of books, therefore the viewer connects that perhaps the woman is in a library or enjoys reading books.
10. Editing Styles
There are many different styles of editing used within pop videos. One of which looks quite interesting is ‘Balletic Editing’. Balletic editing is when each cut picks up were your eye left off. Because our eyes are taken in a circle it makes a viewer feel safer. A good example of this is in ‘The Wild Bunch’ when the wild bunch is shooting against the soldiers and everybody gets massacred. Because balletic editing is used the viewer doesn’t feel as horrified by the mass murder going on so in a way it is quite unsettling for an audience.
11.Entering & Leaving the Frame
People can enter and exit a frame from different sides. This can convey a lot of different meaning that viewers will subconsciously pick up on. For example:
- If they enter from the left, they are good
- If they enter from the right, they are bad
- If they enter from right but the camera tracks from the left then it will be undecided.
- Similarly if they enter from the left but track from the right then it will be undecided.
- If they enter from the left, they are good
- If they enter from the right, they are bad
- If they enter from right but the camera tracks from the left then it will be undecided.
- Similarly if they enter from the left but track from the right then it will be undecided.
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